Lapina Natalia Yurievna – Sc.D.in Political Sciences, Principal Researcher, Head of the Department of global problems, INION RAS
The current world is becoming less and less homogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. Ethnic heterogeneity has a diverse nature. One part of the ethnic minorities living in European countries (even if they are not recognized as such) are immigrants or descendants of immigrants; the other part is represented by ethnic minorities historically living on a specific territory. Integration policy in relation to these two groups requires different approaches. In the first case, we are talking about the adaptation of representatives of a different ethnic group and culture to the norms and rules of the host society with their subsequent integration into society ; in the second - about the mechanisms of searching for ethnocultural harmony in relations between a national minority and the “nation-forming” ethnic group. In both cases, the integration policy aims to maintain social peace in the country. The issue of “Current Problems of Europe” brought to the attention of readers is devoted to two different, but at the same time similar in essence subjects. The first part deals with the experience of integration of immigrants in European countries. The authors of this section analyze national cases (Great Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Italy). The features of the formation of ethnic diasporas in European countries, the reasons and forms of their mobilization are explored. The second part is devoted to the experience of integration of migrants in the Russian Federation. The third part examines issues of ethnic heterogeneity, movements for self-determination and the search for institutional solutions that are adopted with the aim of harmonizing interethnic relations in multinational states.The general conclusion contained in the articles is that the integration policy for immigrants/national minorities should be differentiated, taking into account their ethnic and religious specificity, length of stay in the country and other features.
migration, immigrants, interethnic relations, integration policy, movement for self-determination.
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