Seytkaliev Roman Maksutovich – Researcher, INION RAS
The article analyzes the measures of the German government to integrate refugees who have arrived in the country since 2015, the beginning of the migration crisis in the EU countries. The author examined the cases of refugees from 8 non-European countries, who were singled out by the government and granted fast-track employment privileges that differed from the previously established rules of entry into the labour market. At the beginning of the study, the author examines the economic situation in Germany before mass migration. It is noted that, despite the role of the economic leader of the EU and the growth of key indicators, the country experienced serious difficulties associated with an acute labor shortage, forcing it to attract annually hundreds of thousands of foreign specialists. Demographic projections were also a cause for concern. This largely determined the intensity with which the government implemented refugee integration measures. The basis of these measures was the relaxation of migration legislation, increased funding for integration courses, increased number of courses with a focus on language learning, creation of new jobs, even distribution of refugees throughout the country and accelerated procedures for obtaining residence permits and citizenship. The study of the results of integration is based on such indicators as employment rate of refugees, the level of their wages, vacancies occupied, and the attitude of employers. Based on an analysis of GDP and the unemployment rate, it is concluded that the country was able to integrate the bulk of refugees, and despite the underemployment of the latter, it has every chance of eliminating the problem of labor shortages in certain sectors of the economy for some time.
political refugees, government policy, integration policy, employment, unemployment.
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