Chernega Vladimir Nikolaevich – Sc.D. in Law, Leading Researcher, INION RAN
The article considers main parameters of the French nuclear arsenal, the features of the doctrine of nuclear deterrence, as well as the approaches of the country’s leaders, experts and social movements towards the problems of non-proliferation and prohibition of nuclear weapons. It is noted that all presidents of the Fifth Republic perceived the possession of such weapons as the most important factor of the security, international influence and prestige of France and paid great attention to the timely modernization of the nuclear arsenal. The latter was always presented as a means of «protecting the weak from the strong» and as a tool to deter a potential aggressor from attack. Nevertheless, the doctrine of nuclear deterrence was based on the criteria of protecting «vital interests» of France, interpreted extremely broadly, right up to ensure the fulfillment of its international obligations. The crucial elements of this doctrine were also exclusive national competence in the use of nuclear forces as well as «technical self-sufficiency» in production and modernization of nuclear weapons. These aspects of the policy of France in the military-nuclear field remain unchanged, but its approach towards non-proliferation has undergone radical changes from the 1950 s. From a country that de facto facilitated the advancement of a number of states to the creation of nuclear weapons, it turned into the toughest defender of the non-proliferation regime. Finally, the whole trend specializing in these issues developed within the French diplomacy. Although at present France only theoretically admits the possibility of nuclear disarmament, nevertheless, there is a very active socio-political movement in support of it. The article highlights the discussion between proponents and opponents of nuclear disarmament.
France, nuclear arsenal, doctrine of deterrence, exclusive national competence, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, nuclear disarmament.
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